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Muay Thai 4 MMA | Chamuakpet’s Knee Pressure: Lessons from the Library
🕑 Added 2021-02-12 07:58:26 +0000 UTCOur note: Out of the enthusiastic study & support of all our patrons we've begun hiring passionate writers to add to the incredible things going on here. This article is the 2nd written for us by Ryan Wagner who writes for the Fight Site, - want to read something good, check his breakdown of the legendary fighter Wichannoi - you can find him on Twitter here. This column focuses on the application of the muay that is documented in the Muay Thai Library from legends, elite krus & fighters from all over Thailand, preserving the legacy of Thailand's heritage, but in the context of MMA. We feel it's important to build bridges from the legendary techniques of the best who ever fought to the contemporary fighting sports of our time. If you are interested in the Muay Thai Library project here is a list of everything documented so far, over 100 commentary hours has been archived, with an ultimate aim of 250 hours. By growing conversation between the deep, ring-proven techniques of Thailand and MMA we hope to shine a light on preservation and appreciation. Get ready to ready for some of the best writing on Muay Thai application on the internet, taking a deep dive into knees.
You can see Ryan's other Lessons from the Library articles here.
#49 Chamuakpet Hapalang - Devastating Knee in Combination (66 min) watch it here
#81 Chamuakpet Hapalang 2 - Muay Khao Internal Attacks (65 min) watch it here
The most National Stadium belts in Thai history, Chamuakpet
In our growing survey of Thai legends, ex-fighters & krus Chamuakpet ranks as the 4th greatest Muay Thai fighter of all time.
Chamuakpet’s Knee Pressure: Lessons from the Library
by Ryan Wagner
Chamuakpet Hapalong is one of the most fearsome pressure fighters in combat sports history. With nine major Lumpini and Rajadamnern titles under his belt, Chamuakpet is also a first-ballot candidate for the greatest fighter in Muay Thai history. While he possessed a versatile skillset, his primary game involved walking opponents to the ropes and teeing off on them with relentless flurries of knees, elbows, and punches.
Ferocious in his pace, indomitable in exchanges, Chamuakpet represented pretty much everything you’d want to see from a pressure fighter. His fights are a perfect example of how pressure allows fighters to build on their pace, using attritional damage early to wear opponents out and facilitate overwhelming aggression late.
Pressure fighters in Muay Thai can be roughly divided into two broad archetypes - front-foot heavy boxers who pressure within a stable stance to open up powerful punches, and knee fighters (Muay Khao) who tend to be more willing to step out of stance, marching forward to enter the clinch and set up long knees. While marching footwork can be effective in MMA, it’s substantially more risky. With the increased prominence of punches and the smaller gloves, squaring up in punching range carries more risk of being knocked off balance with a punch or takedown, as you lack a rear leg with which to cushion impact.
Chamuakpet’s style of Muay Khao is uniquely adaptable to MMA, however, as he tended to pressure in a stable stance, using boxing combinations to open up his trademark knee. Chamuakpet would break stance to cut the ring and march after circling opponents, but once he entered punching range, he would maintain a staggered stance and advance with short steps or hops, keeping himself in position to box into his knees.
Chamuakpet’s Spearing Knee
Today I’ll be looking at Chamuakpet’s first session with Sylvie, in which he goes over the technique and tactics surrounding his open-side knee, as well as placing it into a larger context of his pressure-heavy style. You can watch the full session here.
Chamuakpet’s knee comes straight up the middle, aimed directly at his opponent’s center. You often see arching knees from tall, rangy clinch fighters that come over the arm/shoulder when aimed at the head, or swing around and land on the ribs when aimed at the body. Those arching knees work best when you’re able to tie up an opponent’s arm or head in the clinch to exert leverage on them and prevent them from effectively checking the knee. As Chamuakpet looks to land his knees in the pocket and build them into boxing combinations, he prefers a more mechanically efficient motion that is harder to check.
His spearing knee has no extraneous movement - it’s fired directly from his stance in an extremely quick motion, with enough commitment to get significant power into it while still maintaining his balance to continue hitting after it lands.
By stepping outside his opponent’s lead leg to initiate the knee, Chamuakpet also uses it as a herding tool. Stepping outside crowds the opponent’s closed side, forcing them to circle into his open side, where they end up running into his knee and rear kick. One of the most important tools for a pressure fighter is attacking space; attacking where an opponent is carries the risk of missing and giving them an exit route as they change direction. But by giving them only one out, you can predict their movement and instead attack where they’re going to be.
Here (above) Chamuakpet discusses more details of his knee. The power is generated from quickly rising up, with the plant leg elevated on the toes to generate power and add height to the knee. Chamuakpet targets the solar plexus rather than the middle of the stomach, as it’s a more vulnerable target unprotected by muscles, and the knee can more easily slide through the gap in the thin upper forearms than it can lower down on the elbows. Aiming at the upper chest also has the advantage of running an opponent’s head into the knee if they change levels; this creates a double threat, as punches and feints can be used to convince opponents to duck onto the knee, and the knee punishes them for their defensive reactions, forcing them to become more upright and further opening up punches to the head.
The knee is particularly valuable in MMA as a tool to punish habitual level changes, as punching defense is much more of a focus than kicking defense, and fighters will frequently resort to dipping automatically in exchanges.
Russian sharpshooter, Alexandr Shabliy (above), has by far the most dexterous and varied knees in MMA. Here he demonstrates the principle of attacking the level change brilliantly, mixing up punches and spearing knees to catch Wu Haotian as he ducks onto them.
Chamuakpet also discusses the knee as a counter, showing how it can be used to punish an opponent throwing their rear hand:
The knee slots up the middle as the opponent punches, with an extended rear arm used to frame inside the punch and defend while the attacker is on one leg. One of the simplest ways to land clean body shots is to time them as the opponent punches, as their elbows come away from their midsection, leaving it unguarded.
Counter knees fit excellently with Chamuakpet’s pressure style. While countering is reactive, there must be some proactive elements to avoid giving up the initiative. If a counter fighter lets their opponent throw with impunity and only attempts to counter reactively, the opponent is free to throw what they want - to feints and disguise attacks, mixing up patterns and rhythm, and making their attacks much more difficult to read and counter. Elite counter strikers use tactics to force or coerce their opponents into throwing the strikes they want to counter. It’s much easier to see and counter a strike that you’re intentionally drawing out than one your opponent has thoughtfully set up.
Pressure is one of the best ways for counter strikers to gain the initiative. Walking an opponent to the ropes removes the time and space they have to set up strikes, and will often draw out hasty panic responses that are relatively easy to counter. Chamuakpet could initiate a punch combination on a trapped opponent and if they raised their guard to defend, the knee could slide up the middle through their guard. If they chose to lash out in response, the body is still unguarded and they would often end up running themselves onto his knee.
One of my favorite finishes in MMA came by way of counter knee, as Brazilian veteran, Fransisco Trinaldo, annihilated Evan Dunham:
See the counter knee KO GIF here
Dunham’s lead elbow left his body to throw an up-jab, creating a perfect opening for the knee. Counter knees don’t even have to be thrown with much power, as an opponent lurching forward provides momentum for a collision.
While counter knees can exploit the elbow leaving the body, they can also be used to attack space rather than to counter discrete strikes. In MMA, knees have caught on as a way to attack forward movement in recent years.
See this Intercepting Knee GIF here
Donald Cerrone has made excellent use of the intercepting knee to punish blitzing entries. As a kicker with severe defensive boxing deficiencies, Cerrone often struggles against fighters with strong hands who are able to push him backwards. While he still struggles with consistent, well-applied pressure, the addition of a strong intercepting knee has provided him a dangerous weapon to discourage opponents from rushing at him.
Counter knees are also a valuable tool for strikers to punish takedown attempts. A large percentage of takedowns in MMA come from shots, which involve bending at the knees and/or waist and stepping forward onto an opponent’s hips. The level change on a shot takedown is much more drastic than the defensive level changes typically seen in striking sports, and they carry a higher risk of running straight into a counter knee.
See the knee as counter to take downs GIF here
It must be noted, however, that attempting to counter a takedown with a knee is very risky as well, as it leaves the attacker on one leg and in poor position to defend the takedown. If the knee doesn’t do significant damage, it’s easy to end up on your back. Because of this risk, the fighters who have the most success countering takedowns with knees tend to be those with excellent takedown defense who can afford to take that risk (such as Jose Aldo, pictured above).
Pressuring in Combination
Chamuakpet stresses that the knee flows in and out of his combinations, used both as a setup tool to enter into more strikes and a combination finisher. Swarmers like Chamuakpet seek to create continuity between exchanges, flowing from one exchange into the next without ever giving opponents time to breathe.
Muay Femeus tend to thrive on using distance to control opponents and creating clear distinctions between exchanges, swiftly exiting after striking and denying their opponent the chance to hit back, before they feint into another one and gracefully slide back out. But if an opponent sticks to them without giving an inch of ground, they can be overwhelmed absent that space and time to play with their entries and exits.
See the session GIF above here
Chamuakpet shows the knee coming directly off his rear hand without waiting for retraction. If you retract a committed strike after throwing it and the strike misses, the opponent often has a clean route to slip out of the exchange on the same side. But Chamuakpet immediately follows it up with the knee, continually closing distance into each strike and never permitting opponents the chance to slide out. He shows the knee as a method of closing distance too, stepping his kneeing leg forward after landing to continue the combination, forcing his opponent backwards.
MMA’s own king of knees, Alexandr Shabliy, fights out of an orthodox stance, but his knees come off his left leg. He’ll often switch to southpaw in order to throw long, powerful knees, and he hides these stance changes behind punches.
See the Shabily GIF above, here
Shabliy closes distance with a left hook and a level change, hiding his step into southpaw. Once he fires off the knee, he steps forward directly off the knee and continues the attack. Like Chamuakpet, Shabliy’s knees aren’t just discrete strikes, but tools that facilitate his pressure and swarming.
Here Shabliy combines his knee with punches again, but this time with his own back to the cage. He misses a counter hook as his opponent steps in, but he uses the hook to disguise a change of stance, before blasting the now-rear knee straight up the middle. The knee itself is similar to Chamuakpet’s spear knee - he uses a long guard to bar punches, and the knee comes up high from a surprisingly close range, catching his opponent unaware.
Chamuakpet in the session also demonstrates the knee as a counter to a round kick. Instead of checking or catching a kick to the body, you can punish it by kneeing underneath the kick. Not only does the knee land on the softer, less conditioned bottom of the leg, but it also disturbs the opponent's balance and allows you to step into a counter.
See Chamuakpet's counter to the kick as a GIF here
Defending and countering is great, but if you really want to take a weapon away from your opponent, sometimes the most effective course of action is to punish the weapon directly. As a side note: On one of his demonstrations, Chamuakpet steps in off the knee to initiate a flurry, his strikes flowing together with impressive continuity, leaving no time or opportunity to counter between them. The punches are all pretend, but you really get a sense of how terrifying and unforgiving it is to fight someone like Chamuakpet.
Kneeing the thigh has an interesting use case in MMA. Kicking the body is already somewhat risky, as it puts you on one leg and can give opponents a grip on the kicking leg to initiate a takedown. Countering the round kick with a knee effectively “shelves” the kicking leg, bumping the opponent off balance and keeping the leg in a position where it can be grabbed for longer.
I’ve seen situations like this arise a few times in MMA, but it’s always more of an incidental adjustment than an intentional tactic. A fighter will attempt a late check or throw a kick at the same time as the opponent, and the body-kicker’s leg ends up on a shelf for the takedown. It’s not something I’d expect to see often from MMA fighters, but even these accidental instances are proof of concept that the opportunity is there if anyone would like to focus on a more premeditated implementation.
[Note: Dieselnoi who was Chamuakpet's teammate at Hapalang Gym and the greatest Knee Fighter in Thai history, also teaches this knee under the kicking thigh in this session: Dieselnoi Chor Thanasukarn - Muay Khao Craft | 42 min (watch it here)]
Putting the Knee in Context
Chamuakpet’s knees are an integral component of his pressure-heavy style, and throughout the session he demonstrates tactics and principles of pressure. The primary goal of a pressure fighter is to remove his opponent’s time and space. Chamuakpet accomplishes this through strikes designed to force his opponent backwards, counters that prevent them from successfully buying space, and ring-cutting footwork to prevent escape.
Here Chamuakpet demonstrates basic ring-cutting footwork. Lateral movement is used to line the opponent up, while the kicks serve to juggle them toward the center, cutting off their movement and forcing them to stand still for powerful knees, punches, and elbows.
Chamuakpet’s fight with brilliant teep artist, Chanchai Sor Tamarangsri, demonstrates the effectiveness of his ring-cutting:
watch the legends Chamuakpet and Chanchai battle it out here
Chamuakpet (above) eats up space slowly but surely, ramping up his aggression throughout the fight. He advances diagonally, slowly closing distance while tracking Chanchai’s movement at the same time to trap him on the ropes or in a corner, where Chamuakpet can open up. Chanchai consistently uses sharp pivots to break the line of attack, but Chamuakpet often uses these against him, lining him up and following with a kick as he’s momentarily unable to counter.
Another aspect of pressure fighting demonstrated by the Chanchai fight is how important defense and positioning is to effectively pressure. Slick outside fighters are at a defensive advantage in that they can afford to give ground in order to avoid strikes [note: a strategy that is rewarded by traditional Muay Thai scoring]. But if your path to victory involves pressure and aggression, you often can’t afford to take many steps back, as it limits the pace you can enforce and provides the opponent with valuable space and time. This is something MMA fighters struggle with a lot - it’s not at all uncommon to see aggressive fighters who are uncomfortable defending strikes in close, so they’re forced to abandon their pressure when the opponent launches a committed attack.
Chamuakpet does a brilliant job blocking and avoiding strikes while keeping himself always in position to hit. He uses Chanchai’s strikes as a queue to close distance, blocking or stepping slightly back and countering immediately while advancing. Chanchai was never able to comfortably set his feet for counters, as Chamuakpet would use them to pounce and further constrict his time and space.
Another principle Chamuakpet elucidates is that linear strikes serve to force opponents backwards, while sweeping strikes cut off their escape routes. You can see this principle demonstrated in pressure fighters from any art - from George Foreman’s thudding jab at range and shovel hooks on the ropes, to Takeru’s jab and stabbing front kicks leading into devastating body hooks in the corner.
In my recent article on the teep, I talked about the side teep, which is usually a committed, powerful attack that buys its user a lot of time and space when used effectively. Chamuakpet’s teep is thrown with much less commitment, but still has snappy power that forces his opponent backwards toward the ropes.
Chamuapet’s shorter teep allows him to immediately follow the teep up by closing distance, while maintaining a relatively narrow stance. If you try to step in after a fully committed power teep, you can end up stretched out, with your back foot “in the bucket,” which makes it harder to follow up. Chamuakpet’s mechanics perfectly serve his pressure style, allowing the teep to flow directly into combinations.
As a side note, later on in the session, Chamuakpet discusses how to land the teep in an open stance matchup where the front legs clash. He swivels his hip inside, allowing him to bring his leg up inside his opponent’s and quickly snap into a short teep. This tactic is demonstrated brilliantly in his fight with Chanchai, as he consistently lands that inside teep on a master teeper despite Chanchai’s attempts to check and defend.
Often fighters will watch their work and stick around in range after throwing for the opponent to hit back, but Chamuakpet will instead interrupt his opponent’s “turn,” putting himself immediately back on offense. This is especially important for a pressure fighter, as it allows them to swarm their opponent with impunity and drive up the pace.
Chamuakpet shows how the snappy teep can “steal turns” when opponents attempt to advance, allowing him to retain the initiative and continue advancing. MMA’s Max Holloway accomplishes the same effect with his jab, constantly flashing it in his opponent’s face after attacking to distract them while he goes back on offense.
Chamuakpet explicates this philosophy further - nothing smothers an opponent’s time and space like swarming on the ropes, and Chamuakpet advocates for a relentless attack rather than waiting for the opponent to throw back. This hits at a mentality that’s useful for pressure fighters - it often pays not to worry so much about what your opponent is throwing back. That’s not to say that defense isn’t important, or that you shouldn’t take note of what they’re doing and adjust to it, but fighters can end up giving their opponent too much time and space by keying in on their opponent’s attacks.
For a fighter like Chamuakpet who benefits from unrelenting aggression and has confidence that his own attack is capable of overwhelming opponents, it often pays to smother the opponent in a barrage of offense, even if that might mean losing exchanges early to take an advantage late. Max Holloway employed this strategy to great effect in both of his fights against former UFC Featherweight champion, Jose Aldo, constantly forcing exchanges to leverage a cardio and pace advantage despite giving up rounds early.
On the topic of relentless swarming, Chamuakpet’s 1992 fight with Oley Kiatoneway is one of the most impressive displays of ruthless aggression you will ever see in combat sports. Oley is famous for his beautiful Femeu style, with gorgeous footwork, defense, and counters. Chamuakpet completely smothers Oley’s time and space, putting on a comprehensive display of everything he’s demonstrated in this session:
watch Chamuakpet vs another femeu legend, Oley
It’s all here, from the ring-cutting, the devastating knee attack, and the intercepting counters to maintain initiative. Chamuakpet gradually increases his pace as the fight goes on and Oley’s energy dwindles, until he’s a rampaging ball of fury that Oley is helpless to stop.
There are a number of factors in MMA that make effective ring cutting even more important. The Octagon is at least ten feet larger in diameter than most boxing/Muay Thai rings and lacks the ring’s hard corners, which makes it more difficult to trap opponents. Most MMA fighters tend to defend primarily by backing up as well, and it’s often more reliable to work them toward the fence and take away that space rather than trying to close distance rapidly. The addition of grappling adds another dimension to pressure, as many wrestlers find it easier to hit their takedowns on the cage, where their opponent lacks the space to backpedal or sprawl on them.
But many pressure fighters in MMA could stand to improve both their tactics for cutting opponents off and their attack once they have their man on the cage. One only needs to watch Alistair Overeem throwing up his high guard on the cage and confusing Heavyweights who forgot body shots are legal to know that there are vast opportunities for improvement. Chamuakpet lays the blueprint both for effective pressure and seamlessly incorporating devastating knees into a pressure-based style.
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Related Materials
These are Muay Thai Library sessions that are either referenced or on similiar themes. Take a deep in the immense archive of true Thai techniques, and the men who wielded them.
#81 Chamuakpet Hapalang 2 - Muay Khao Internal Attacks (65 min) watch it here
One of the all time greats gives his 2nd session of the Library. 9x Lumpinee and Rajadamnern champion, 1985 Fighter of the Year, a man who took belts from both Samart and his brother Kongtoranee, his Muay Thai has been lauded as one of the best that have ever been. In this session he teaches his rising KO out knee, straight up the center, his philosophy of grips, pulls and elbows in the clinch, and just in punching range. Not to be missed.
#49 Chamuakpet Hapalang - Devastating Knee in Combination (66 min) watch it here
The most decorated fighter of the Golden Age with 4 Lumpinee Belts and 5 Rajadamnern Belts, and the Fighter of the Year award (1985), Chamuakpet, a gym-mate of Dieselnoi, teaches his beautiful and devastating Southpaw knee to the open side, in combination. His fast, powerful knee was practically unstoppable and in this session you can see why.
Dieselnoi (1982): #48 Dieselnoi Chor. Thanasukarn - Jam Session (80 min) watch it here AND #30 Dieselnoi Chor Thanasukarn 2 - Muay Khao Craft (42 min) watch it here AND #3 Dieselnoi Chor Thanasukarn - The King of Knees (54 min) - watch it here #76 Dieselnoi Chor Thanasukarn 4 - How to Fight Tall (69 min) watch it here
#76 Dieselnoi Chor Thanasukarn 4 - How to Fight Tall (69 min) watch it here
There several sessions with the King of Knees in the Muay Thai Library, this is the fourth, but this is the first one where he gets the chance to teach a tall, long fighter like he was. If you are a tall fighter this is the session you don't want to miss. He is arguably the GOAT, an in this session he unfolds his entire fighting system of knee fighting pressure and distance control.
#74 Samson Isaan 2 - Muay Khao & Western Boxing Excellence (59 min) watch it here
In 1991 there was no fighter more of a force than Samson Isaan, who took Fighter of the Year then. His relentless style combining Muay Maat punching aggression with Knee Fighting pressure and clinch made him a wrecking ball. In this session discover what made this little fighter so impossible to handle.
#82 Chanchai Sor. Tummarungsri - The King of Teeps (54 min) watch it here
Perhaps in all the Library there is no session more devoted to, and detailing of the art of the teep. Chanchai is a Golden Age legend known for his undefeatable teep, and clearly has spent many years dissecting all the small parts that make his teep so incredible, so students can learn it for themselves. Dive into the art of the teep in this one!
#43 Kongsamut Sor. Thanikul - Muay Mat Style (74 min) watch it here
This Lumpinee champion is perhaps most notable for when he lost a fight for the 102 lb Lumpinee belt, against famed Samart. Samart winning his first belt of many. Kongsamut has a beautiful Muay Mat (punchers) style that he mixes with low kicks, very differently than the Pornsanae style. He fights in close, and is constantly twisting, hitting high and low. Any Muay Thai puncher would benefit from the principles in his style.
#79 "Kru Pot" Bunpot Sor. Boonyaa - Muay Khao Depth (63 min) watch it here
Kru Pot is a Muay Khao master. He gained some internet fame from a video when he ragdolled Saenchai in a sharktank session (much larger) some years ago, but here you get to learn the whole system. The setups for clinch entries, the form and turns of his beautiful but relentless knees.
Kru Pot teaches the art of a paced, marching someone down with knees, as was caught in this unforgettable clinch training session with Saenchai:
watch Kru Pot vs Saenchai in clinch training
#91 Jaroensap Kiatbanchong - Silky Power (63 min) watch it here
The 1992 Fighter of the Year Jaroensap had an elegant Muay Thai that was full of hidden power. He shares his unique teeping style, how he employed parries and switches and elbows to control the space in an elite Muay Femeu fighter.
#99 Yodwicha Por Boonsit #3 - Spearing the Middle, Fighting With Rhythm (66 min) watch it here
Yodwicha won (co) Fighter of the year in 2012 as one of the most dominant Muay Khao fighters Thailand has seen, and then made the transition to K1 style kickboxing oriented promotions and became a powerful Muay Maat puncher. In fact he has all the tools, all the distances, and is currently the WBC World Champion at 154 lbs. He teaches how to put knees and hands together was well as some very important bagwork insights.
All the Fighters of the Year so far documented in the project:
The 14 Fighters of the Year in the Library:
Yodwicha (2012): #10 The Clinch Techniques of Yodwicha - Session 2 (34 min) watch it here and #4 Yodwicha - Clinch and Muay Khao (Knee) Specialist (35 min) - watch it here and
Singdam (2002): #22 Singdam Kiatmoo9 - Making the Basics Beautiful (71 min) watch it here
Naksaknoi (1996): #65 Namsaknoi Yudthagarngamtorn - Sharking The Angles (67 min) watch it here and #73 Namsaknoi Yudthagarngamtorn 2 - Overcoming Distance (61 min) watch it here
Wangchannoi (1993): #93 Wangchannoi Palangchai - Deadly Step Counter Fighting (70 min) - watch it here and #95 Wangchannoi Sor. Palangchai #2 - The Secret Powers of a Cool Heart (77 min) watch it here
Jaroensap (1992): #91 Jaroensap Kiatbanchong - Silky Power (63 min) watch it here
Samson (1991): #41 Samson Isaan - The Art of Dern Fighting (64 min) watch it here and Samson Isaan 2 - Muay Khao & Western Boxing Excellence (59 min) watch it here
Kaensak (1989, 1990): #24 Kaensak Sor. Ploenjit - Explosive Defense (55 min) watch it here
Samart (1981, 1983, 1988): #34 Samart Payakaroon - Balance, Balance, Balance! (81 min) watch it here
Langsuan (1987): #45 Langsuan Panyutapum - Monster Muay Khao Training (66 min) watch it here
Chamuakphet (1985): #49 Chamuakpet Hapalang - Devastating Knee in Combination (66 min) watch it here #81 Chamuakpet Hapalang 2 - Muay Khao Internal Attacks (65 min) watch it here
Kongtoranee (1978, 1984): #37 Kongtoranee Payakaroon - Power In The Hands (89 min) watch it here
Dieselnoi (1982): #48 Dieselnoi Chor. Thanasukarn - Jam Session (80 min) watch it here AND #30 Dieselnoi Chor Thanasukarn 2 - Muay Khao Craft (42 min) watch it here AND #3 Dieselnoi Chor Thanasukarn - The King of Knees (54 min) - watch it here #76 Dieselnoi Chor Thanasukarn 4 - How to Fight Tall (69 min) watch it here
Padejseuk (1979): Padejseuk Pitsanurachan - Old School Greatness (67 min) watch it here
Sirimongkol (1972): #54 The Late Sirimongkol and Lertrit Master General Tunwakom (81 min) watch it here
Kevin's photograph of Chamuakpet when recently teaching in Thailand. Chamuakpet lives in Japan and trains fighters there.
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Comments
great!!
I like more of this! :)
